Friday, June 5, 2009

10 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ISLAM - PLEASE READ!!!!!


I have just come across a very interesting article written by Huma Ahmad on the 10 misconceptions about Islam and have summarized the article for our reading pleasure and understanding :


MISCONCEPTION #1: Muslims are violent, terrorists and/or extremists.


This is the biggest misconception in Islam, no doubt resulting from the constant stereotyping and bashing the media gives Islam. When a gunman attacks a mosque in the name of Judaism, a Catholic IRA guerrilla sets off a bomb in an urban area, or Serbian Orthodox militiamen rape and kill innocent Muslim civilians, these acts are not used to stereotype an entire faith. Never are these acts attributed to the religion of the perpetrators. Yet how many times have we heard the words 'Islamic, Muslim fundamentalist. etc.' linked with violence.


Politics in so called "Muslim countries" may or may not have any Islamic basis. Often dictators and politicians will use the name of Islam for their own purposes. One should remember to go to the source of Islam and separate what the true religion of Islam says from what is portrayed in the media. Islam literally means 'submission to God' and is derived from a root word meaning 'peace'.


Islam may seem exotic or even extreme in the modern world. Perhaps this is because religion doesn't dominate everyday life in the West, whereas Islam is considered a 'way of life' for Muslims and they make no division between secular and sacred in their lives. Like Christianity, Islam permits fighting in self-defense, in defense of religion, or on the part of those who have been expelled forcibly from their homes. It lays down strict rules of combat which include prohibitions against harming civilians and against destroying crops, trees and livestock.


NOWHERE DOES ISLAM ENJOIN THE KILLING OF INNOCENTS.. The Quran says:


"Fight in the cause of God against those who fight you, but do not transgress limits. God does not love transgressors." (Quran 2:190)


"If they seek peace, then seek you peace. And trust in God for He is the One that heareth and knoweth all things." (Quran 8:61)


War, therefore, is the last resort, and is subject to the rigorous conditions laid down by the sacred law. The term 'jihad' literally means 'struggle'. Muslims believe that there are two kinds of jihad. The other 'jihad' is the inner struggle of the soul which everyone wages against egotistic desires for the sake of attaining inner peace.


MISCONCEPTION #2: Islam oppresses women.


The image of the typical Muslim woman wearing the veil and forced to stay home and forbidden to drive is all too common in most people’s thoughts. Although some Muslim countries may have laws that oppress women, this should not be seen as coming from Islam. Many of these countries do not rule by any kind of Shariah (Islamic law) and introduce their own cultural standpoints on the issue of gender equity.


Islam on the other hand gives men and women different roles and equity between the two is laid down in the Quran and the example of the Prophet (saw). Islam sees a woman, whether single or married, as an individual in her own right, with the right to own and dispose of her property and earnings. A marriage gift is given by the groom to the bride for her own personal use, and she keeps her own family name rather than taking her husband's. Both men and women are expected to dress in a way that is modest and dignified. The Messenger of God (saw) said: "The most perfect in faith amongst believers is he who is best in manner and kindest to his wife."


Violence of any kind towards women and forcing them against their will for anything is not allowed. A Muslim marriage is a simple, legal agreement in which either partner is free to include conditions. Marriage customs thus vary widely from country to country. Divorce is not common, although it is acceptable as a last resort. According to Islam, a Muslim girl cannot be forced to marry against her will: her parents simply suggest young men they think may be suitable.


MISCONCEPTION #3: Muslims worship a different God.


Allah is simply the Arabic word for God. Allah for Muslims is the greatest and most inclusive of the Names of God, it is an Arabic word of rich meaning, denoting the one and only God and ascribing no partners to Him. It is exactly the same word which the Jews, in Hebrew, use for God (eloh), the word which Jesus Christ used in Aramaic when he prayed to God. God has an identical name in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; Allah is the same God worshiped by Muslims, Christians and Jews. Muslims believe that Allah's sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various times and in many places throughout history.


However, it should be noted that God in Islam is One and Only. He, the Exalted, does not get tired, does not have a son ie Jesus or have associates, nor does He have human-like attributions as found in other faiths.


MISCONCEPTION #4: Islam was spread by the sword and intolerant of other faiths.


Many social studies textbooks for students show the image of an Arab horseman carrying a sword in one hand and the Quran in the other conquering and forcibly converting. This, though, is not a correct portrayal of history. Islam has always given respect and freedom of religion to all faiths.


The Quran says: "God forbids you not, with regards to those who fight you not for [your] faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them; for God loveth those who are just. 60:8)


Freedom of religion is laid down in the Quran itself: "There is no compulsion (or coercion) in the religion (Islam). The right direction is distinctly clear from error". (2:256)


It is a function of Islamic law to protect the privileged status of minorities, and this is why non-Muslim places of worship have flourished all over the Islamic world. History provides many examples of Muslim tolerance towards other faiths: when the caliph Omar entered Jerusalem in the year 634, Islam granted freedom of worship to all religious communities in the city. Proclaiming to the inhabitants that their lives, and property were safe, and that their places of worship would never be taken from them, he asked the Christian patriarch Sophronius to accompany him on a visit to all the holy places. Islamic law also permits non-Muslim minorities to set up their own courts, which implement family laws drawn up by the minorities themselves. The life and property of all citizens in an Islamic state are considered sacred whether the person is Muslim or not.


Racism is not a part of Islam, the Quran speaks only of human equality and how all peoples are equal in the sight of God. "O mankind! We created you from a single soul, male and female, and made you into nations and tribes, so that you may come to know one another. Truly, the most honored of you in God's sight is the greatest of you in piety. God is All-Knowing, All- Aware. (49:13)


MISCONCEPTION #5: All Muslims are Arabs


The Muslim population of the world is around 1.2 billion. 1 out of 5 people in the world is a Muslim. They are a vast range of races, nationalities, and cultures from around the globe--from the Phillipines to Nigeria--they are united by their common Islamic faith.


Only about 18% live in the Arab world and the largest Muslim community is in Indonesia. Most Muslims live east of Pakistan. 30% of Muslims live in the Indian subcontinent, 20% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 17% in Southeast Asia, 18% in the Arab world, and 10% in the Soviet Union and China. Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan make up 10% of the non-Arab Middle East. Although there are Muslim minorities in almost every area, including Latin America and Australia, they are most numerous in Russia and its newly independent states, India and central Africa. There are about 6 million Muslims in the United States


MISCONCEPTION #6: The Nation of Islam is a Muslim group.


Islam and the so called "Nation of Islam'" are two different religions. NOI is more of a political organization since its members are not limited to a single faith. Muslims consider this group to be just one of many cults using the name of Islam for their own gain.


The only thing common between them is the jargon, the language used by both. "The Nation of Islam" is a misnomer; this religion should be called Farrakhanism, after the name of its propogator, Louis Farrakhan. Islam and Farakhanism differ in many fundamental ways. For example, Farakhan followers believe in racism and that the 'black man' was the original man and therefore superior, while in Islam there is no racism and everyone is considered equal in the sight of God, the only difference being in one's piety. There are many other theological examples that show the 'Nation's teachings have little to do with true Islam. There are many groups in America who claim to represent Islam and call their adherents Muslims.


Any serious student of Islam has a duty to investigate and find the true Islam. The only two authentic sources which bind every Muslim are 1. the Quran and 2. authentic or sound Hadith. Any teachings under the label of "Islam" which contradict or at variance with the direct understanding of fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam form the Quran and authentic Hadith should be rejected and such a religion should be considered a Pseudo-Islamic Cult. In America there are many pseudo-Islamic cults, Farrakhanism being one of them. An honest attitude on the part of such cults should be not to call themselves Muslims and their religion Islam. such an example of honesty is Bahaism which is an off-shoot of Islam but Bahais do not call themselves Muslims nor their religion, Islam. In fact Bahaism is not Islam just as Farrakhanism is not Islam.


MISCONCEPTION #7: All Muslim men marry four wives.


The religion of Islam was revealed for all societies and all times and so accommodates widely differing social requirements. Circumstances may warrant the taking of another wife but the right is granted, according to the Quran, only on condition that the husband is scrupulously fair. No woman can be forced into this kind of marriage if they do not wish it, and they also have the right to exclude it in their marriage contract.


Polygamy is neither mandatory, nor encouraged, but merely permitted. Images of "sheikhs with harems" are not consistent with Islam, as a man is only allowed at most four wives only if he can fulfill the stringent conditions of treating each fairly and providing each with separate housing etc. Permission to practice polygamy is not associated with mere satisfaction of passion. It is rather associated with compassion toward widows and orphans. It was the Quran that limited and put conditions on the practice of polygamy among the Arabs, who had as many as ten or more wives and considered them "property".


It is both honest and accurate to say that it is Islam that regulated this practice, limited it, made it more humane, and instituted equal rights and status for all wives. What the Qur'anic decrees amount to, taken together is discouragement of polygamy unless necessity for it exists. It is also evident that the general rule in Islam is monogamy and not polygamy. It is a very tiny percentage of Muslims that practice it over the world. However, permission to practice limited polygamy is only consistent with Islam's realistic view of the nature of man and woman and of various social needs, problems and cultural variations.


The question is, however far more than the inherent flexibility of Islam; it also is the frank and straightforward approach of Islam in dealing with practical problems. Rather than requiring hypocritical and superficial compliance, Islam delves deeper into the problems of individuals and societies, and provides for legitimate and clean solutions which are far more beneficial than would be the case if they were ignored. There is no doubt that the second wife legally married and treated kindly is better off than a mistress without any legal rights or expermanence.


MISCONCEPTION #8: Muslims are barbaric, backward people.


Among the reasons for the rapid and peaceful spread of Islam was the simplicity of its doctrine-Islam calls for faith in only one God worthy of worship. It also repeatedly instructs man to use his powers of intelligence and observation. Within a few years, great civilizations and universities were flourishing, for according to the Prophet (saw), 'seeking knowledge is an obligation for every Muslim man and woman'.


The synthesis of Eastern and Western ideas and of new thought with old, brought about great advances in medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, architecture, art, literature, and history. Many crucial systems such as algebra, the Arabic numerals, and also the concept of the zero (vital to the advancement of mathematics), were transmitted to medieval Europe from Islam. Sophisticated instruments which were to make possible the European voyages of discovery were developed, including the astrolabe, the quadrant and good navigational maps.


MISCONCEPTION #9: Muhammad was the founder of Islam and Muslims worship him.


Muhammad (saw) was born in Mecca in the year 570. Since his father died before his birth, and his mother shortly afterwards, he was raised by his uncle from the respected tribe of Quraysh. As he grew up, he became known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity, so that he was sought after for his ability to arbitrate in disputes.


The historians describe him as calm and meditative. Muhammad (saw) was of a deeply religious nature, and had long detested the decadence of his society. It became his habit to meditate from time to time in the Cave of Hira near Mecca. At the age of 40, while engaged in a meditative retreat, Muhammad (saw) received his first revelation from God through the Angel Gabriel. This revelation, which continued for 23 years is known as the Quran. As soon as he began to recite the words he heard from Gabriel, and to preach the truth which God had revealed to him, he and his small group of followers suffered bitter persecution, which grew so fierce that in the year 622 God gave them the command to emigrate.


This event, the Hijra 'migration', in which they left Mecca for the city of Medina, marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. After several years, the Prophet and his followers were able to return to Mecca, where they forgave their enemies and established Islam definitively. Before the Prophet saw dies at the age of 63, the greater part of Arabia was Muslim, and within a century of his death Islam had spread to Spain in the West and as far East as China. He died with less than 5 possessions to his name.


While Muhammad (saw) was chosen to deliver the message, he is not considered the "founder" of Islam, since Muslims consider Islam to be the same divine guidance sent to all peoples before. Muslims believe all the prophets from Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus etc. were all sent with divine guidance for their peoples. Every prophet was sent to his own people, but Muhammad (saw) was sent to all of mankind. Muhammad is the last and final messenger sent to deliver the message of Islam.


Muslims revere and honor him (saw) for all he went through and his dedication, but they do not worship him. "O Prophet, verily We have sent you as a witness and a bearer of glad tidings and a warner and as one who invites unto God by His leave and as an illuminating lamp."(33:45-6)


MISCONCEPTION #10: Muslims don't believe in Jesus or any other prophets.


Muslims respect and revere Jesus, upon him be peace, and await his Second Coming. They consider him one of the greatest of God's messengers to mankind. A Muslim never refers to him simply as 'Jesus', but always adds the phrase 'upon him be peace' (abbreviated as (u) here). The Quran confirms his virgin birth (a chapter of the Quran is entitled 'Mary'), and Mary is considered the purest woman in all creation. The Quran describes the Annunciation as follows:


"Behold!" the Angel said, "God has chosen you, and purified you, and chosen you above the women of all nations. O Mary, God gives you good news of a word from Him whose name shall be the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, honored in this world and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near to God. He shall speak to the people from his cradle and in maturity, and shall be of the righteous." She said: "O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has touched me?" He said: "Even so; God creates what He will. When He decrees a thing, He says to it, "Be!" and it is" (Quran 3:42-47)


Jesus (u) was born miraculously through the same power, which had brought Adam (u) into being without a father: "Truly, the likeness of Jesus with God is as the likeness of Adam. He created him of dust, and then said to him, 'Be!' and he was." (3:59) During his prophetic mission Jesus (u) performed many miracles. The Quran tells us that he said: " I have come to you with a sign from your Lord: I make for you out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, and breath into it and it becomes a bird by God's leave. And I heal the blind, and the lepers, and I raise the dead by God's leave." (3:49) Neither Muhammad (saw) nor Jesus (u) came to change the basic doctrine of the brief in One God brought by earlier prophets, but to confirm and renew it.


In the Quran Jesus (u) is reported as saying that he came: "To attest the law which was before me. And to make lawful to you part of what was forbidden you; I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, so fear God and obey Me. (3:50) The Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: "Whoever believes there is no god but God, alone without partner, that Muhammad (saw) is His messenger, that Jesus is the servant and messenger of God, His word breathed into Mary and a spirit emanating from Him, and that Paradise and Hell are true, shall be received by God into Heaven. "(Hadith related by Bukhari).


ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SYSTEM - REVISITED


It is often misunderstood that the Islamic financial system involves only the absence of interest and only applies to those who practice the Islamic faith. Although the paying or receiving of interest is strictly forbidden to the many million practicing Muslims all over the world, this system can be an alternative to the existing method for everyone. Further, the concept of Islamic finance involves more than zero interest. There are other principles such as prohibition of guaranteed earning, transactions to comply with a set of Islamic laws known as Shariah, and the emphasis on the element of business risk.


The conventional banking and financial institutions exist today based entirely on the concept of interest-bearing instruments. It is hard to imagine that there is an alternative to the interest-bearing financial system. This alternative method is commonly known as Islamic finance because of its deep roots in the Islamic religion.


The Islamic financial system is based upon the sharing of profit and loss, rather than on the payment of interest. Although the system does not allow for the payment or receiving of interest, there are a wide variety of instruments allowed that investors can choose from depending on his or her risk tolerance. The main idea behind the Islamic financial system is more than generating wealth. It is a financial system intended to promote economic growth while maintaining the morals of the communities.


Although the method of interest-free economy has not been very well known by the general public, there is an emergence in the understanding and application of this concept by the Muslim communities as well as the traditional financial institutions. This is partly due to the growing interest by the Muslims for options that do not involve interest to satisfy their religious obligations. Further, the Western financial institutions are taking a closer look at this system not only to reach the niche market but because there is money to be made.


The Islamic financial system is complicated and rooted in a deep religious belief. Therefore, to understand the concept, one must first understand and appreciate the basic principle of the religion. Islamic financial history is traced back to the religion of Islam that began over 1400 years ago. The Muslims' lives are bound by the Islamic laws known as the Shariah.

The Islamic financial system is shaped by the Holy Quran strict forbidden of riba. As Al-Omar and Abdel-Haq (1996) defines, Riba as "an excess or increase". Technically meaning an increase which is a loan transaction or exchange for a commodity accrued to the owner (lender) without giving an equivalent counter-value or recompense ('iwad) in return to the other party; every increase which is without an 'iwad or equal value". Riba has often been interpreted as being synonymous with interest.


However, some schools of thought define riba to include not only interest but also speculation, unlawful capital gains, monopoly, hoarding, and absentee rents. Riba is stated explicitly in the Holy Quran thus not open for interpretation. The paying or receiving of interest or dealing with interest-bearing instruments is strictly prohibited to the Muslims. As Iqbal (1997) states, "describing the Islamic financial system simply as 'interest-free' does not provide a true picture of the system as a whole. Undoubtedly, prohibiting the receipt and payment of interest is the nucleus of the system, but it is supported by other principles of Islamic doctrine advocating risk sharing, individuals' rights and duties, property rights, and the sanctity of contracts". The definition of riba consequently determines the prescribed structure of Islamic banking and also the permissible banking instruments. One key element of Islamic finance is the requirement of an element of risk normally associated with doing business. However, one must keep in mind that risk in business sharing is allowed whereas risk in the form of gambling or mere speculation is prohibited by Islamic Law. The main idea is that investors should spend their effort searching for projects that are sound, that adhere to the Shariah, and share in the success or failure of the project. The objective is that investments should provide a stimulus to the economy and encourage entrepreneurs to maximize their efforts. The profit or losses should be shared by all parties involved and earnings may not be guaranteed or predetermined.


In addition, Islamic financial system restricts investments in certain business sectors whose products are forbidden by the Shariah such as alcohol, pornography, or gambling to name a few. This limitation also extends to those with questionable moral values that may not have been directly stated in the Islamic laws such as tobacco industries, anything that may harm the environment, or genetic experiments such as cloning. The latter is open for various interpretations depending on the various schools of thought. The need to clarify certain aspects of the laws resulted in the involvement of the religious council known as the Shariah Board. The Board is an advisory board which acts as Islamic legal counsel in certifying the compliance of activities with Islamic principles. These restrictions are not unlike the idea of Socially Responsible Investments now available among the Western conventional financial institutions.

In short, there is more to the Islamic financial system than the absence of interest. In addition, the system also restricts any activities that do not comply with the Shariah, and there needs to be an element of business risk involved by the participating parties. Within these parameters there are many investment products currently available that are permissible under Islamic laws.